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Wireless Motor Car RF Controlled

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A  RF Controlled Car
Wireless Motor Car

We will be ahead with these :
  1. What is RF?
  2. Why to make it Wireless?
  3. Requirements to build.
  4. Establishing a communication path.
  5. Linking the Motors of the CAR.
  6. Illustration through video/images. 

1. What is RF?
                               The RF refers to the Radio Frequency, in which the waves lies over the electromagnetic spectrum in the range 3KHz to 300GHz. These waves can propagate from one point to another in the space or medium. This phenomenon is called Radio wave propagation. The communication through RF waves is achieved through the antenna's. An antenna is either a radiating element or reception element. The RF waves are produced by the antenna's by taking the electrical current from the Transmission systems. The Transmitting antenna radiates the RF waves to the space or medium. The Receiving antenna does the reception of the RF waves which are radiated by Transmitter. Receiver supplies the received current to Receiving system. 


                                                   When the electrical current which has the alternating nature flows to and fro in the antenna, the EM fields produced in antenna cuts to produce the Radio waves. These radio waves can than propagate into the space or medium. 

                                                     When the radiation falls on the Receiver antenna, by the electromagnetic(Maxwell) principles the reception is done. This retrieves the modulated data to Receiving system.
                                                      The data required to send from one point to another is transmitted after modulation. Modulation is the process of varying the characteristics of a High frequency waves in accordance with message(or data).  Modulation is required to achieve the practicability of the antenna.

Advantages of RF waves:
  1. These waves can carry information at the speed of light(EM waves).
  2. It enables the Wireless communications.
  3. Radio waves are not strongly absorbed by the atmosphere.
  4. Radio waves can be used for the sky-wave propagation.
  5. These provide the cheap communication facilities.
  6. Broadcasting is also done through these waves.
The major Disadvantage is Radiation is seen with higher in frequency range.


2. Why to make it Wireless?
         
                                                      Wireless communication doesn't require the wires for the establishment of the communication path. This reduces the installation costs for the Wireless communication systems. Mobility nature is achieved through the modes of wireless communications. Flexibility of tuning to a number of devices is seen in wireless communications. Broadcasting has become much easier with Wireless systems. Wireless system provides the convenience to transfer the systems easily from a location to other. Mobile Networks, Radio and Television Broadcasting, WiFi , Bluetooth etc., are all wireless. 
                                                  A Wireless car is useful in monitoring the various conditions in a human-less areas. This Wireless car can travel to any place, it can record the atmospheric conditions over there and also for collecting the samples at that place to conduct experiments. Video information, images of the objects at Far places can be captured through this wireless cars. It is so flexible that it can be used for the Transportation in industries, factories, carrying luggage's etc., These Wireless cars are also manufactured as Toys to children. Police can make use of these Cars for maintaining law and order in the society by monitoring the unauthorized persons action.


3. Requirements to build:

1. RF Transmitter module.

2. RF Receiver module:
Its better to have a RF modules(434MHz)


3. HT12E (Encoder) :
For more refer: http://www.holtek.com/pdf/consumer/2_12ev120.pdf

4. HT12D (Decoder) :

For more refer: http://www.holtek.com/pdf/consumer/2_12ev120.pdf

5. L293D (Motor Driver IC) :
For more refer : http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/l293.pdf

6. Have two dc motors:


7. Additionally push buttons, LED's, Power supply(may be HW batteries with IC 7805), 750K & 33K Ohm Resistors and Connecting Wires.


4. Establishing a communication path:
  1. The Communication mode used in controlling a remote car is Simplex mode of Communication.
  2. Here the data can only be transmitted from sender point to the receiver point only.
  3. The Sender here is the RF Transmitter with HT12E.
  4. The Receiver here is the RF Receiver with HT12D.
  5. Transmitter and Receiver will operate on the same frequency.
TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT:
  1. In HT12E, Four push Button's is to be connected from Pin 10 to Pin 13. 
  2. Pin 14 of HT12E to Ground.
  3. 750 K Ohm Resistor between the Pin 15 and Pin 16.
  4. Pin 18 of HT12E and Pin 3 of RF module to +5V power supply.
  5. Pin 9 of HT12E and Pin 1 to Ground.
  6. Data Pin 17 of HT12E to Pin 2 of RF module.
  7. For antenna, simply a wire is left from Pin 4 of RF module.


RECEIVER CIRCUIT:
  1. Pin 4 & 5 of RF module and Pin 18 of HT12D to +5V power supply.
  2. LED's to Pin's 10 to 13 of HT12D is to be connected.
  3. Data Pin 14 of HT12D to Pin 2 of RF module.
  4. A 33 K ohm resistor between Pin 15 & 16 of HT12D.
  5. Pin 6 & 7 & 1 of RF module and Pin 9 of HT12D to Ground.
  6. A power LED from Pin 17 of HT12D.
  7. A simple wire is left from Pin 8 of RF module which act as antenna.
Now, this Transmitter and Receiver section will establish a Simplex communication mode. Bits from Transmitter section are modulated through the AMPLITUDE SHIFT KEYING(ASK) Method. This ASK is a form of Amplitude Modulation where the variations of digital data bits are represented as the variations in carrier wave's amplitude. The Binary digit '1' is transmitted with some fixed amplitude of carrier wave over a time period. Similarly digit '0' with no amplitude of carrier wave over a time period is transmitted. This can be also stated as "ON-OFF Keying".



5. Linking the Motors of the CAR:

                                 L293D is the motor driver IC which has the capacity to drive two dc motors in both Reverse and Forward directions. This L293D IC takes separate power for running the dc-motors and +5V for running the IC logic. The L293D is connected to Receiver section by taking the locical values at Pin 10 to 13 of HT12D. We already knew that these LED's are controlled by Push Buttons of Transmitter section.


  1. The motor 1 is to be connected to Pin 3 & 6 of  L293D. Similarly motor 2 is to be connected to Pin 14 & 11 of  L293D.
  2. Forward & Reverse logic's for the motor 1 is taken from Pin 13 & 12 of HT12D and to be connected to Pin 2 & 7 of  L293D.
  3. Similarly, for motor 2 from Pin 10 & 11 of HT12D to Pin 10 & 15 of  L293D.
  4. Power supply required to drive motors is to be given to Pin 8 of L293D.
  5. IC power supply to Pin 16 of L293D.
  6. Pins 4,5,12&13 are to be grounded.
Thus, the two motors are linked to the Receiver section. Now, the motor 1 & 2 are operated from the Push Buttons of Transmitter section. These four Push Buttons at the Transmitter section represents four logic's. These four logic's control the motor 1 & 2 either to forward or reverse. Check whether these motors work as specified.

Working:
  1. After, checking the motors then fix them on to the CAR Body of your choice. 
  2. Next, place the entire receiver section on to the cars body. 
  3. Finally, link the motors to receiver section on the car. 
  4. By the above three steps the work at CAR is over.
  5. Now the Transmitter section acts as the remote to control the CAR.

6. Illustration through videos/images:

 1. Transmitter image(Here a IC 7805 used to convert 9V of HW battery to 5V)


2. Receiver image with CAR(with two motors)




3. A video illustrating the working of car with real setup














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2 comments:

  1. ayan18 February 2020 at 07:23

    I was surfing the Internet for information and came across your blog. I am impressed by the information you have on this blog. It shows how well you understand this subject. Sol Control Custom Auto tinting Florida

    ReplyDelete
  2. David Valle7 July 2020 at 08:23

    Nice DIY work. Thanks, dear. Of course I will try it with my son. Hope he will happy by doing it successfully. If I can success, will write a review on my home blog.

    ReplyDelete

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